15 Popular JAVA Frameworks Use In 2023

JAVA is one of the best and most demanding programming languages in trending fields like Android development, Machine Learning (ML), Web development, Big data, etc. It is among the most dated programming languages for software that is still extensively used. This article will present some of the most well-known JAVA frameworks for 2023. Although there are more than 15 frameworks, the ones listed below stand out. Features and user-friendliness are a few of the reasons that are used to determine the validity of a framework. 

Want to understand the basics of JAVA? Check out this course at Unstop!

What Are Java Frameworks?

JAVA framework is software that was created to make programming using JAVA simpler. JAVA framework uses functions and predefined classes for inputs. They are available in sets of pre-written code, which you can add to your own code to make unique solutions to problems.

It is not surprising that numerous versions of these helpful frameworks are available, given the way that every programmer is different from others. The way to choose one framework over the others solely depends on personal preference. Most of the time, it could be based on the amount of flesh that the framework gives you when you begin new projects. How beautifully can you design the UI with the framework? Based on the framework, you select the tools that are included in the framework to create simple or difficult user interfaces. 

• JAVA frameworks or software frameworks are the ones that were created to help you build JAVA applications to operate faster and easier. 
• They are composed of pre-written code, class components, templates, and other frameworks that can be used as the base to build our JAVA application.
• The top JAVA frameworks have been thoroughly tested and encourage the application of best practices in programming. 
• They let you concentrate on the application's business logic instead of writing the basic functionalities like creating database connections or managing exceptions.

However, there are a few considerations. Not all JAVA frameworks have all the functions. Therefore, selecting between them isn't only a matter of choice. Certain frameworks allow you to create full-stack JAVA web apps, while others concentrate on the front or back end. There are frameworks that can be used for other tasks, such as application development and managing database operations. In some instances, it is possible to utilize multiple frameworks together. Therefore, it is crucial to know the way they work. JAVA frameworks compare and work together as software applications.

Let's explore some JAVA  frameworks:

1. Hibernate JAVA Framework

Hibernate is an object-relational mapping (ORM) framework that can make common mismatches between data and data a one-off. If you're constantly using relational databases and databases, Hibernate is the ideal choice. Hibernate ORM framework could easily become your standard. It performs database operations on JAVA entities. It communicates between the JAVA programming language and relational database management system (RDBMS).

It is one of the popular frameworks that comes with data handling muscles that can bridge the gap between paradigms. Companies such as IBM as well as Dell have utilized the Hibernate framework to build their web-based applications.

Advantage of Hibernate

• There is a way to do powerful manipulation of data with no programming.
• It is ideal for OOP-type projects which require high efficiency and flexibility at the same time.
• Hibernate is open-source software. 
• It's not very expensive to test it in the next task you're working on.

Disadvantage of Hibernate

• Debugging: Sometimes, debugging and tuning the performance of a website can be difficult.
• Slower than JDBC: Hibernate is slower than pure JDBC because it generates numerous SQL statements during the runtime.
• Not suitable for the batch process: It is advisable to utilize pure JDBC in the batch process.
• Not suitable for small projects: For small projects having just a handful of tables, it's useless to work with hibernate.
• Does not support more than one insert: Hibernate is not able to handle certain kinds of queries that JDBC accepts. For instance, it doesn't allow multiple inserts. It is not possible to insert more than one object (persistent data) in the same table by using one query. The programmer is required to write a distinct query for each object to be added.

2. Spark JAVA Framework

Spark Framework is a microframework as well as a specific language that is used for JAVA as well as Kotlin language of programming. Kotlin is run in conjunction with the JAVA Virtual Machine and is 100% compatible with JAVA. Spark assists you in developing microservices that are JAVA-based, web-based applications along with REST APIs. It has high-performance applications.

It is possible to get the Spark framework in operation within a matter of minutes. It is based on the Jetty web server, which is integrated into the framework. But you are able to make use of it in conjunction with various other JAVA web servers, too. As per Spark's own study, over 50 percent of their users utilized the framework to build REST APIs. This is the most used use case. Spark also powers high-traffic internet applications, which serve over 10,000 users per day.

It is important to note that the Spark framework isn't the same as Apache Spark, which is an analytics engine that can handle large data processing.

Advantages of Spark

• Lightweight, allowing for rapid development, requires minimal boilerplate code expression.
• Declarative syntax - non-biased (you can arrange your app however you wish)
• Fault tolerance
• It is dynamic in nature
• It has real-time stream processing

Disadvantage of Spark

• No real-time data processing
• It has no file management system
• Lesser number of algorithm
• It has very small file issues

3. Spring JAVA Framework

Spring Framework is perhaps the most well-known and widely-used JAVA framework, with a large community and a vibrant ecosystem that revolves around it. It lets you create enterprise-grade JAVA applications, web services, and microservices.

Spring Framework started as a dependency injection tool. However, over time, it has evolved into an application framework that is full-fledged. It gives you the complete programming and configuration model, which includes the ability to perform generic tasks such as creating a database connection as well as managing exceptions. In addition to JAVA, it is also possible to make use of the framework in conjunction with Kotlin and Groovy, as both operate using JAVA Virtual Machine. 

Spring Framework Spring Framework utilizes the inversion of control (IoC) software design concept, where the framework manages the custom code (as opposed to traditional programming in which the code you write is called to other libraries that manage general tasks). This means that it is possible to create loosely coupled modules for your Spring-based applications.

The Spring Framework, a widely used Java framework, was first released in 2003 by Rod Johnson. It has since grown to become one of the most popular and comprehensive frameworks for building enterprise-level Java applications.

Although it's true that the Spring Framework is excellent for creating enterprise-level JAVA applications, however, it comes with an arduous learning curve. It's because this is an expansive framework that is designed to offer the solution to every problem that can be accomplished with an enterprise-level app and allows for a wide range of platforms. So, the setting up, configuration, build, and deployment procedures all require several steps that you may not wish to tackle, particularly if you're working on a small project. Spring Boot (an extension of Spring Framework) is a solution to this issue because it lets you create your Spring application more quickly and with less configuration.

Advantages of Spring

• The framework is an extremely popular and extremely stable framework, with flexibility in configuration and flexible cooperation (due to dependency injection)
• Easy to test your applications (due to dependency injection), makes use of POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects)
• Comprehensive documentation active community.
• There is no need to reinvent.
• It has ease of testability.

Disadvantages of Spring

• Complexity of spring
• There are lots of XML in spring
• It has a high learning curve
• There is a lack of guidance
• You will require writing lots of boilerplate codes (unless you are using Spring Boot)

4. Struts JAVA Framework

Struts is an older framework that is being used by a lot of developers. It's a fully-featured JAVA Web Application Framework that is maintained and created in collaboration with the Apache Software Foundation. It's a robust platform that is backed by an extensive community. It's often compared to the Spring Framework. Struts lets you create enterprise-grade JAVA programs that will be simple to manage as time passes.

It is based on its MVC model of software development and is the structure of a plugin. Plugins let you adapt the framework to meet various project requirements. Struts plug-ins are the basic JAR package and, therefore, are portable, and you can add these to the classpath of your application. Certain plugins are included in Framework (JSON plugin Config Browser plugin, for example. ), and you are able to include additional plugins from third-party sources.

Struts are able to be integrated together with various JAVA frameworks to accomplish tasks that aren't part of the platform. For example, you could make use of the Spring plugin to inject dependency as well as the Hibernate plugin to perform the object-relational mapping. Struts allow you to utilize different technologies on the client side, like Jakarta Server Pages, to build the front-end for your application.

But, if you're trying to build server-side components which render directly on the frontend Struts might not be the best option for you. Instead, you should consider the framework with distinct architecture like Tapestry and Wicket (see both of them below).

Advantages of Struts

• It is open source
• It is a stable framework with a convention over configuration
• It is adaptable (via plugins)
• It has easy integration with different JAVA Frameworks, tools, and platforms - works with Web technologies (REST, AJAX, JSON)
• It makes complex applications simple by reducing development time
• It has built-in exception handling

Disadvantages of Struts

•  Doesn't provide any security feature 
• Harder to understand
• It is harder to benchmark and optimize (less transparent)
• Where there are errors in config files, this framework does not need any exception

5. Tapestry JAVA Framework

The Tapestry can be described as an element-based JAVA framework that can build web-based applications that are scalable. The emphasis on reusable components makes it architecturally comparable with Jakarta Server Faces and the Wicket framework. Similar to Struts, Tapestry is also a part belonging to the Apache Software Foundation.

It is possible to write Tapestry pages and components in simple JAVA objects (POJOs) and you have access to the whole JAVA ecosystem through the framework. In addition to JAVA, Tapestry also supports Groovy and Scala and is compatible with other JAVA frameworks, such as Hibernate as well as Spring. The tapestry was created to be fast and efficient, consequently, it comes with features like live class reloading, reporting of exceptions, Ajax support, and templates and components built-in.

Tapestry is a user-friendly framework for developers and a framework for developers. It comes with built-in tools to aid in testing-driven development (TDD) and also comes with assistance for Selenium Testing Framework. Tapestry is scalable on single servers as well as clusters of servers. Applications created with Tapestry perform well in browsers since they adhere to best practices such as caching on the client side, the ability to support concurrent threads, JavaScript compressing, aggregation integrated GZip content compression, and much more. 

Advantages of Tapestry

• Scalable - simple testing - a convention over configuration components that can be considered pure JAVA objects.
• Complex web UI can be developed
• High code reuse and provide live class reloading
• The line precise error reporting
• They come with already-built components 
• It comes with support for the Selenium testing framework.

Disadvantages of Tapestry

•  Hard to locate tutorials and learning materials
• Less secure
• It is outdated and barely used
• The syntax is very hard to understand 

6. Vaadin JAVA Framework

Vaadin offers a platform that allows for efficient JAVA development. It lets you create web applications using components that can be customized and are focused on performance UX, accessibility, and performance.

Vaadin 10+ is a framework that approaches the development of web apps in a completely new manner by giving designers direct access to the DOM (Document Object Model) from the JAVA Virtual Machine. With the latest release,  Vaadin 10+ has the Vaadin team split its earlier monolithic framework into two components. It includes a lightweight JAVA framework known as Vaadin Flow, which handles routing and server-client communication and a collection of UI components that are run on the browser used by the user.

Vaadin components are able to be used in conjunction with any Frontend Framework like React or Angular. Vue. They also recommend these components as building blocks to build Progressive Web Apps. You can create your own theme from Vaadin components or choose to use Vaadin's two themes that are pre-designed: Lumo (default) and Material.

Speaking of Vaadin Flow, it provides a high-level JAVA server faces API to handle the technical aspects of your application, such as server-client communication, automatic to WebSockets, and data binding. Because Flow runs on JVM, you are able to connect to the entire JAVA ecosystem. For instance, you can run your app using Spring Boot. Additionally, Flow lets you create your application in Kotlin and Scala.

Hurry! Check out these Application Developer jobs now

Advantages of Vaadin

• Vaadin is a for-profit company which means you have to pay for professional tools, components, and assistance.
• It is a server-side programming
• It is easy to integrate as well as learn
• It offers lots of options
• It lets one focus on user experience and performance 

Disadvantages of Vaadin

• There is no support for multi-windows in V6. There are alternatives for this.
• Pressing a button doesn't feel like pressing a button in an application on a desktop. It's an application that is web-based when you begin making use of it (by its responsiveness, its feel, etc.).
• It is expensive
• It may be difficult with vaadin to find resources that can be solved.

7. Vert.x JAVA Framework

Vert.x is a polyglot framework that is run in conjunction with the JAVA Virtual Machine. It lets you develop applications in programming languages like JAVA, JavaScript, Groovy, Ruby, Scala, and Kotlin. The event-driven design of the architecture produces applications that can be scaled well even when you have limited hardware resources.

Vert.x is maintained and developed through the Eclipse Foundation whose best-known project is the Eclipse IDE. The 'x' on Vert.x is a reference to its polyglottic nature which means that you can write code that is acceptable in many different languages. It offers idiomatic APIs for all programming languages that are supported.

Since Vert.x can be described as an event-driven, non-blocking framework, it is able to handle many concurrent tasks with a small number of threads. Vert.x is also very light as the main framework is 650 KB in size. It is a modular framework that allows you to utilize only the modules you require to ensure that your application will remain as smooth as possible. Vert.x is a great choice for those who want to create extremely lightweight and flexible microservices.

Advantage of Vert.x

•  The application loads fast modular architecture that is extensible and non-biased (you can design your app however you like)
• Easy-to-use application, generator A large documentation.
• High-performance application
• Non-blocking, event-driven runtime.

Disadvantage of Vert.x

• High learning curve (more than an advanced toolkit rather than a framework, meaning you have to take a lot of decision-making independently)
• Non-blocking code makes it difficult to read, write and, debug.
• It is accessed by only one thread.
• One thread can reduce the code complexity.

8. Apache Wicket 

Apache Wicket is a web application framework built on components like Jakarta Server Faces and Tapestry. It lets you write sophisticated, user-friendly apps with JAVA server faces API as well as HTML code. This framework's maintenance is handled under the Apache Software Foundation, similar to Struts and Tapestry.

Because Wicket is a component-based framework, applications consist of reused pages and components like buttons, images, links forms, and more. It is based on an implementation of the POJO Data Model, and therefore Wicket components are just ordinary JAVA objects. Components are packaged as reusable packages. This means you can include your own CSS or JavaScript on top of them.

Wicket allows you to internationalize your pages, apps, and other components by offering the ability to support out-of-the-box over 25 different languages. Its built-in Ajax function lets you modify your pages in real-time, without having to write every JavaScript code. Wicket pays close attention to the security of URL handling too. The components of the path are relationship-based and URLs do not reveal details of any kind. 

Advantage of Wicket

•  It separates logic and markup. There is no requirement to use JavaScript as well as XML configuration files.
• It seamlessly integrates with the standard HTML Simple system for managing state (components include Java objects that maintain their state)
• It is possible to test frontend code unit-testing
• It is simple and easy to deploy

Disadvantage of Wicket

•  Relatively small community
• There aren't many instructional materials or tutorials
• Wicket Url is very bad by default
• It cannot dynamically define the component trees.

9. Blade JAVA Framework

Blade is a simple application framework with a tiny footprint. It is a light as well as high-performance JAVA framework that lets you develop rapid web applications in a speedy manner. The developers aim to allow users to grasp the entire framework in just a day. To accomplish that, Blade focuses on simplicity and elegance.

The Blade framework follows the MVC software design pattern. It's a simple design that does not depend on third-party libraries nor introduces multiple layers. The blade is built upon Java 8, and the Netty web server and template engine are integrated within the framework. It is small in size as its source code weighs under 500kb in total.

With Blade, you can have access to a RESTful-style routing system and the ability to deploy your application in a simple Maven and Gradle project. The blade comes with security features built-in as well; for example, it has CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) and XSS (Cross-Site scripting) defense. It's a flexible framework with the ability to support plugin extensions and web jar resources.

Advantage of Blade

• No dependencies
• Light framework embedded web server 
• Easy to deploy tiny
• File configuration is supported

Disadvantage of Blade

• Not many examples or tutorials are available
• The development process is not as active these days
• Heavy documents
• The dependency tool is very complex
• Very less mobile applications

10. Dropwizard JAVA Framework

Dropwizard is a production-ready RESTful web service. It is a high-performance but simple JAVA framework to speed up the development of RESTful web services. It's particularly suited for developing JAVA microservices.

The Dropwizard framework brings together a number of well-known JAVA libraries to offer you a rapid and fast development platform. It is a bundled Jetty server as well as Google Guava, Logback, Hibernate Validator, Joda Time, and a host of other well-known Java libraries. Dropwizard also includes Jersey, which can be used to build RESTful web applications, and Jackson to process JSON data. It is possible to consider Dropwizard as an independent ecosystem that has all the dependencies above into one package.

If you decide to use Dropwizard, it is not necessary to focus on other functions, such as writing code for configuration, metrics, or recording. Instead, you'll be able to concentrate on the main application's business logic and get the most efficiency. This is why Dropwizard is frequently referred to as an operation-friendly Java framework.

Advantage of Dropwizard

• Ops-friendly
• Very flexible
• Easy to start and set up using a lightweight framework - made up of well-established Java libraries with well-defined conventions, scalable large documentation
• Creates high-performance RESTful web applications
• It supports many libraries that are open-source and independent.
• Monitoring is implemented at its most effective using Metrics
• Rapid prototyping can be done using Dropwizard, which turns to rapid development.
• Facilitates integration and the integration of various third-party frameworks

Disadvantage of Dropwizard

• Spring makes it easier to create stand-alone
• More complex for distribution and monitoring
• Always test the distributed environment
• Assumptions never stay constant but evolve.

11. Grails JAVA Framework

GRAILS is a web-based application framework that utilizes the Groovy programming language. Groovy is an object-oriented programming language that is compatible with the JAVA platform. Its goal is to increase the efficiency of developers. Groovy programming language syntax can be used with JAVA and is written into JVM (Java Virtual Machine) Bytecode. Groovy is an Object-oriented language for the JAVA platform. 

Even though you need to compose your codes within Groovy, Grails works well with other JAVA-related technologies, such as JAVA Development Kit, JAVA Development Kit, JAVA EE containers, Hibernate, or Spring. Under the hood, Grails is built on top of Spring Boot to make use of its productivity-friendly features, such as Spring's dependency injection. The greatest benefit of Grails is that it allows you to achieve the same results using minimal code, thanks to the capability provided by its Groovy language.

Grails adhere to a few contemporary software development practices, including the convention of configuration, opinions on APIs that enforce best practices, as well as sensible defaults. It's also extremely user-friendly because it includes clear and simple-to-read documents, step-by-step guides, and a large library of plugins. You can also create your own plugins and make use of GRAILS' IDE compatibility with Eclipse, Sublime, Text mate, IntelliJ IDEA, and other platforms.

Advantage of Grails

• Built on the top of Spring Boot (see below as part of the Spring framework), it has effortless integration of JAVA software and libraries convention over configuration (with reasonable default settings)
• Async capability application profiles for Angular and React High-quality documentation and many learning materials
• Open-source web application framework
• It has an object-mapping feature

Disadvantage of Grails

• You need to be proficient in Groovy to write Grails applications
• You must learn groovy coding for using grails.
• Increase weight as it is an interpreted language.
• The integration process is complicated.

12. The GWT Google Web Toolkit

The GWT Google Web Toolkit client-side JAVA applications are used as JavaScript. Also known as The Google Web Toolkit, it is an internet framework developed by Google. It can be used to build quick JAVA applications for the web. It lets you develop client-side JAVA code and then deploy it in the form of JavaScript to the browser.

GWT (Google web toolkit) is a well-maintained and stable Java framework. It is more evident than its use in various Google products, including AdWords, AdSense, Blogger along with Google Wallet. Google Web Toolkit also has an informative website with instructions, guides for developers as well as a starter app.

With GWT, you can create browser-based apps without having to be an expert in frontend technology like JavaScript optimizing or responsive designs. GWT offers many advanced features such as internationalization, cross-browser portability, UI abstraction, bookmarking, and history management.

Advantages of GWT

• It supports browser compatibility (including mobile web browsers) with integrated debugging features and code optimization tools - allows you to unit-test your frontend code.
• Flat the learning rate (for Java developers)
• Open-source framework
• GWT enables Code reusability and code reusability is a common web dev task

Disadvantage of GWT

• It  generates non-semantic HTML code
• Lots of memory is needed to run it in dev mode
• Compile-time is high

13. Jakarta Server Faces (JSF) Framework 

Jakarta Server Faces (JSF), previously called Java Server Faces, was developed by Oracle as a standard for the creation of user interfaces for Java-based web-based applications. It is also an officially recognized standard for the Java Community Process (JCP) initiative. 

The initial release of Jakarta Server Faces was released in 2004, which means it's a solid framework. It adheres to its MVC Software design model and features an architecture based on components. By using Jakarta Server Faces, you can design user interfaces composed of reusable components. You can also manage how your component's state is managed and link them up to databases and then bind events generated by users with event handlers that are on the server.

The default templating system used by JSF is Facelets, which was designed specifically by the developer. Facelets lets you utilize XML rather than JAVA to handle views. You can, however, create views using other technologies like XUL (XML User Interface Language) and plain Java. Web applications developed using Jakarta Server Faces are able to be used across multiple Jakarta EE application servers.

Advantages of Jakarta

• It is reliable (code is maintained and developed by Oracle) based on the Java Servlet API.
• Cross-browser compatibility - automated state management supports gradual degradation and various output formats.
• Comparatively lower learning curve (for Java developers)
• Jakarta EE has a Dynamic framework

Disadvantage of Jakarta

• Hard to find tutorials or other learning materials
• It is hard to debug
• Costly

14. JHipster JAVA Framework

JHipster integrates Spring Boot and popular front-end frameworks (Vue, Angular, React, and many more) all in one convenient web-based application generator. Major companies like Adobe, Siemens, Bosch, HBO, and Google utilize it. With JHipster, you can swiftly create modern Java-based web-based software and microservices.

Spring Boot allows you to build production-quality Spring-based apps (see more information about Spring Framework below) that run with very little configuration. JHipster integrates this along with Angular, React, Vue along Bootstrap as client-side components to give you an entire stack architecture. JHipster allows you to choose between two different architectural styles. 

You can choose an architecture that is monolithic and has the frontend and backend integrated into one application. You can also choose the microservices architecture, which separates the frontend and backend. JHipster also works with various tools and provides many choices for the client- and server-side programming bundles, as well as other DevOps tasks. Spring is used in enterprise applications.

Advantages of JHipster

• It significantly speeds the development process - includes support for numerous frontend frameworks and technology Support for mobile application creation (Ionic as well as React Native)
• Built on the foundation of Spring Boot (so you can utilize dependency injection and additional features from Spring Boot) -
• Multiple deployment options
• An active community, and extensive documentation that includes samples of apps

Disadvantage of JHipster

• Huge quantity of code that is auto-generated is confusing for newbies
• A lot of code can be generated 
• It does not have a typical angular CLI

15. MyBatis Framework 

MyBatis is a framework of persistence designed for Java applications that makes it simpler and quicker to use relational (SQL) database systems. The framework functions as middleware between applications and databases. It also solves the problems that arise due to their differing structure.

It is possible to imagine MyBatis as an abstraction layer between the Java code in your application and the actual SQL database. In the default configuration, you will need to utilize your JDBC API (Java Database Connectivity) to connect to databases like spreadsheets or relational databases in Your Java code. MyBatis simplifies the process and allows you to communicate with databases that are relational using less than a single line of code. For instance, you could run SQL statements without one page of code.

MyBatis is identical to the Hibernate framework in that they both seek to improve the interaction between databases and applications. But, MyBatis doesn't map JAVA objects to tables in the way that Hibernate does but instead connects JAVA procedures with SQL statements. This means that SQL is evident when using the MyBatis framework. However, you'll still have complete control over how you execute SQL (on the other hand, you'll have to create your own SQL statements and configure your mapping on your own). 

Advantage of MyBatis

•  It is easy to learn and use (for Java developers) 
• Lightweight and fast development compatible with Spring Framework which is capable of creating JDBC connections
• An ideal solution for fetches that have simple portability, database-independent interfaces, and the ability to create dynamic SQL queries
• More flexible and close to JDBC
• It uses tags instead of logic codes
• It doesn’t map Java objects to database tables

Disadvantage of MyBatis

• Highly dependent on SQL and difficult to diagnose not as flexible as Hibernate
• Poor value shifting
• Dependent on SQL statements
• It is Semi-automatic
• It cannot be debug the breaking point

FAQs

1. What is Spring Framework, and why is it popular?

Spring Framework is a widely used open-source Java framework for building robust and scalable applications. It provides comprehensive infrastructure support, including features like dependency injection, aspect-oriented programming, and seamless integration with various technologies. Its popularity is attributed to its modular architecture, which allows developers to choose and use the specific components they need, making development more efficient and flexible.

2. What are the key features of JavaServer Faces (JSF) in 2023?

JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a Java web application framework for building user interfaces using reusable UI components. In 2023, key features include improved integration with modern JavaScript frameworks, enhanced support for HTML5 and CSS3, better performance optimizations, and continued compatibility with various Java EE and Jakarta EE specifications.

3. How has Hibernate evolved in 2023, and why is it still relevant? 

Hibernate is an object-relational mapping (ORM) framework for Java. In 2023, Hibernate has evolved to provide better support for reactive programming and non-blocking database access, making it more suitable for modern, asynchronous applications. Despite changes in the Java ecosystem, Hibernate remains relevant due to its efficient data access, automatic database schema generation, and simplified CRUD operations.

4. Is Apache Struts still used, and what precautions should be taken?

Apache Struts, while less popular than before, is still used in some legacy applications. However, there have been security concerns and vulnerabilities associated with Struts in the past. It requires regular updates to the latest version to mitigate security risks. Hence, modern frameworks like Spring MVC or JavaServer Faces are more popular for their better security and performance.

5. What is Quarkus, and how does it fit into the Java framework landscape?

Quarkus is a relatively new Java framework designed for building cloud-native, microservices-oriented applications. It focuses on fast startup times and low memory usage, making it well-suited for serverless computing and containerized environments. Quarkus achieves this by using ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation and GraalVM integration. It complements existing frameworks like Spring Boot and Micronaut by providing a different set of optimizations for specific use cases.

In this article, we discussed some of the most popular Java frameworks. To sum it up! Technology landscapes are dynamic, and hence, the popularity and features of frameworks can change over time. It is always a good practice to stay updated with the latest information and choose frameworks based on one's project requirements and long-term goals.

You may also like to read:

1. What Is Scalability Testing? How Do You Test Application Scalability?
2. Top 50+ Java Collections Interview Questions
3. Understanding Data Mining Versus Data Warehousing In Detail
4. What Is A Data Science Life Cycle?