Python Programming
Table of content:
- What Is Python? An Introduction
- What Is The History Of Python?
- Key Features Of The Python Programming Language
- Who Uses Python?
- Basic Characteristics Of Python Programming Syntax
- Why Should You Learn Python?
- Applications Of Python Language
- Advantages And Disadvantages Of Python
- Some Useful Python Tips & Tricks For Efficient Programming
- Python 2 Vs. Python 3: Which Should You Learn?
- Python Libraries
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- It's Python Basics Quiz Time!
Table of content:
- Python At A Glance
- Key Features of Python Programming
- Applications of Python
- Bonus: Interesting features of different programming languages
- Summing up...
- FAQs regarding Python
- Take A Quiz To Rehash Python's Features!
Table of content:
- What Is Python IDLE?
- What Is Python Shell & Its Uses?
- Primary Features Of Python IDLE
- How To Use Python IDLE Shell? Setting Up Your Python Environment
- How To Work With Files In Python IDLE?
- How To Execute A File In Python IDLE?
- Improving Workflow In Python IDLE Software
- Debugging In Python IDLE
- Customizing Python IDLE
- Code Examples
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- How Well Do You Know IDLE? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is A Variable In Python?
- Creating And Declaring Python Variables
- Rules For Naming Python Variables
- How To Print Python Variables?
- How To Delete A Python Variable?
- Various Methods Of Variables Assignment In Python
- Python Variable Types
- Python Variable Scope
- Concatenating Python Variables
- Object Identity & Object References Of Python Variables
- Reserved Words/ Keywords & Python Variable Names
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Rehash Python Variables Basics With A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is A String In Python?
- Creating String In Python
- How To Create Multiline Python Strings?
- Reassigning Python Strings
- Accessing Characters Of Python Strings
- How To Update Or Delete A Python String?
- Reversing A Python String
- Formatting Python Strings
- Concatenation & Comparison Of Python Strings
- Python String Operators
- Python String Functions
- Escape Sequences In Python Strings
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Rehash Python Strings Basics With A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is Python Namespace?
- Lifetime Of Python Namespace
- Types Of Python Namespace
- The Built-In Namespace In Python
- The Global Namespace In Python
- The Local Namespace In Python
- The Enclosing Namespace In Python
- Variable Scope & Namespace In Python
- Python Namespace Dictionaries
- Changing Variables Out Of Their Scope & Python Namespace
- Best Practices Of Python Namespace
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Test Your Knowledge Of Python Namespaces!
Table of content:
- What Are Logical Operators In Python?
- The AND Python Logical Operator
- The OR Python Logical Operator
- The NOT Python Logical Operator
- Short-Circuiting Evaluation Of Python Logical Operators
- Precedence of Logical Operators In Python
- How Does Python Calculate Truth Value?
- Final Note On How AND & OR Python Logical Operators Work
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Python Logical Operators Quiz– Test Your Knowledge!
Table of content:
- What Are Bitwise Operators In Python?
- List Of Python Bitwise Operators
- AND Python Bitwise Operator
- OR Python Bitwise Operator
- NOT Python Bitwise Operator
- XOR Python Bitwise Operator
- Right Shift Python Bitwise Operator
- Left Shift Python Bitwise Operator
- Python Bitwise Operations And Negative Integers
- The Binary Number System
- Application of Python Bitwise Operators
- Python Bitwise Operator Overloading
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Test Your Knowledge Of Python Bitwise Operators!
Table of content:
- What Is The Print() Function In Python?
- How Does The print() Function Work In Python?
- How To Print Single & Multi-line Strings In Python?
- How To Print Built-in Data Types In Python?
- Print() Function In Python For Values Stored In Variables
- Print() Function In Python With sep Parameter
- Print() Function In Python With end Parameter
- Print() Function In Python With flush Parameter
- Print() Function In Python With file Parameter
- How To Remove Newline From print() Function In Python?
- Use Cases Of The print() Function In Python
- Understanding Print Statement In Python 2 Vs. Python 3
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Know The print() Function In Python? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- Working Of Normal Print() Function
- The New Line Character In Python
- How To Print Without Newline In Python | Using The End Parameter
- How To Print Without Newline In Python 2.x? | Using Comma Operator
- How To Print Without Newline In Python 3.x?
- How To Print Without Newline In Python With Module Sys
- The Star Pattern(*) | How To Print Without Newline & Space In Python
- How To Print A List Without Newline In Python?
- How To Remove New Lines In Python?
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Can Print Without a Newline in Python? Prove It!
Table of content:
- What Is A Python For Loop?
- How Does Python For Loop Work?
- When & Why To Use Python For Loops?
- Python For Loop Examples
- What Is Rrange() Function In Python?
- Nested For Loops In Python
- Python For Loop With Continue & Break Statements
- Python For Loop With Pass Statement
- Else Statement In Python For Loop
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know Python's For Loop? Prove It!
Table of content:
- What Is Python While Loop?
- How Does The Python While Loop Work?
- How To Use Python While Loops For Iterations?
- Control Statements In Python While Loop With Examples
- Python While Loop With Python List
- Infinite Python While Loop in Python
- Python While Loop Multiple Conditions
- Nested Python While Loops
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Mastered Python While Loop? Let’s Find Out!
Table of content:
- What Are Conditional If-Else Statements In Python?
- Types Of If-Else Statements In Python
- If Statement In Python
- If-Else Statement In Python
- Nested If-Else Statement In Python
- Elif Statement In Python
- Ladder If-Elif-Else Statement In Python
- Short Hand If-Statement In Python
- Short Hand If-Else Statement In Python
- Operators & If-Esle Statement In Python
- Other Statements With If-Else In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Quick If-Else Statement Quiz– Let’s Go!
Table of content:
- What Is Control Structure In Python?
- Types Of Control Structures In Python
- Sequential Control Structures In Python
- Decision-Making Control Structures In Python
- Repetition Control Structures In Python
- Benefits Of Using Control Structures In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Control Structures in Python – Are You the Master? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Are Python Libraries?
- How Do Python Libraries Work?
- Standard Python Libraries (With List)
- Important Python Libraries For Data Science
- Important Python Libraries For Machine & Deep Learning
- Other Important Python Libraries You Must Know
- Working With Third-Party Python Libraries
- Troubleshooting Common Issues For Python Libraries
- Python Libraries In Larger Projects
- Importance Of Python Libraries
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Quick Quiz On Python Libraries – Let’s Go!
Table of content:
- What Are Python Functions?
- How To Create/ Define Functions In Python?
- How To Call A Python Function?
- Types Of Python Functions Based On Parameters & Return Statement
- Rules & Best Practices For Naming Python Functions
- Basic Types of Python Functions
- The Return Statement In Python Functions
- Types Of Arguments In Python Functions
- Docstring In Python Functions
- Passing Parameters In Python Functions
- Python Function Variables | Scope & Lifetime
- Advantages Of Using Python Functions
- Recursive Python Function
- Anonymous/ Lambda Function In Python
- Nested Functions In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Python Functions – Test Your Knowledge With A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Are Python Built-In Functions?
- Mathematical Python Built-In Functions
- Python Built-In Functions For Strings
- Input/ Output Built-In Functions In Python
- List & Tuple Python Built-In Functions
- File Handling Python Built-In Functions
- Python Built-In Functions For Dictionary
- Type Conversion Python Built-In Functions
- Basic Python Built-In Functions
- List Of Python Built-In Functions (Alphabetical)
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know Python Built-in Functions? Prove It!
Table of content:
- What Is A round() Function In Python?
- How Does Python round() Function Work?
- Python round() Function If The Second Parameter Is Missing
- Python round() Function If The Second Parameter Is Present
- Python round() Function With Negative Integers
- Python round() Function With Math Library
- Python round() Function With Numpy Module
- Round Up And Round Down Numbers In Python
- Truncation Vs Rounding In Python
- Practical Applications Of Python round() Function
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Revisit Python’s round() Function – Take The Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is Python pow() Function?
- Python pow() Function Example
- Python pow() Function With Modulus (Three Parameters)
- Python pow() Function With Complex Numbers
- Python pow() Function With Floating-Point Arguments And Modulus
- Python pow() Function Implementation Cases
- Difference Between Inbuilt-pow() And math.pow() Function
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Test Your Knowledge Of Python’s pow() Function!
Table of content:
- Python max() Function With Objects
- Examples Of Python max() Function With Objects
- Python max() Function With Iterable
- Examples Of Python max() Function With Iterables
- Potential Errors With The Python max() Function
- Python max() Function Vs. Python min() Functions
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know Python max() Function? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Are Strings In Python?
- What Are Python String Methods?
- List Of Python String Methods For Manipulating Case
- List Of Python String Methods For Searching & Finding
- List Of Python String Methods For Modifying & Transforming
- List Of Python String Methods For Checking Conditions
- List Of Python String Methods For Encoding & Decoding
- List Of Python String Methods For Stripping & Trimming
- List Of Python String Methods For Formatting
- Miscellaneous Python String Methods
- List Of Other Python String Operations
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Mastered Python String Methods? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is Python String?
- The Need For Python String Replacement
- The Python String replace() Method
- Multiple Replacements With Python String.replace() Method
- Replace A Character In String Using For Loop In Python
- Python String Replacement Using Slicing Method
- Replace A Character At a Given Position In Python String
- Replace Multiple Substrings With The Same String In Python
- Python String Replacement Using Regex Pattern
- Python String Replacement Using List Comprehension & Join() Method
- Python String Replacement Using Callback With re.sub() Method
- Python String Replacement With re.subn() Method
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Know How To Replace Python Strings? Prove It!
Table of content:
- What Is String Slicing In Python?
- How Indexing & String Slicing Works In Python
- Extracting All Characters Using String Slicing In Python
- Extracting Characters Before & After Specific Position Using String Slicing In Python
- Extracting Characters Between Two Intervals Using String Slicing In Python
- Extracting Characters At Specific Intervals (Step) Using String Slicing In Python
- Negative Indexing & String Slicing In Python
- Handling Out-of-Bounds Indices In String Slicing In Python
- The slice() Method For String Slicing In Python
- Common Pitfalls Of String Slicing In Python
- Real-World Applications Of String Slicing
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Quick Python String Slicing Quiz– Let’s Go!
Table of content:
- Introduction To Python List
- How To Create A Python List?
- How To Access Elements Of Python List?
- Accessing Multiple Elements From A Python List (Slicing)
- Access List Elements From Nested Python Lists
- How To Change Elements In Python Lists?
- How To Add Elements To Python Lists?
- Delete/ Remove Elements From Python Lists
- How To Create Copies Of Python Lists?
- Repeating Python Lists
- Ways To Iterate Over Python Lists
- How To Reverse A Python List?
- How To Sort Items Of Python Lists?
- Built-in Functions For Operations On Python Lists
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Revisit Python Lists Basics With A Quick Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is List Comprehension In Python?
- Incorporating Conditional Statements With List Comprehension In Python
- List Comprehension In Python With range()
- Filtering Lists Effectively With List Comprehension In Python
- Nested Loops With List Comprehension In Python
- Flattening Nested Lists With List Comprehension In Python
- Handling Exceptions In List Comprehension In Python
- Common Use Cases For List Comprehensions
- Advantages & Disadvantages Of List Comprehension In Python
- Best Practices For Using List Comprehension In Python
- Performance Considerations For List Comprehension In Python
- For Loops & List Comprehension In Python: A Comparison
- Difference Between Generator Expression & List Comprehension In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Rehash Python List Comprehension Basics With A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is A List In Python?
- How To Find Length Of List In Python?
- For Loop To Get Python List Length (Naive Approach)
- The len() Function To Get Length Of List In Python
- The length_hint() Function To Find Length Of List In Python
- The sum() Function To Find The Length Of List In Python
- The enumerate() Function To Find Python List Length
- The Counter Class From collections To Find Python List Length
- The List Comprehension To Find Python List Length
- Find The Length Of List In Python Using Recursion
- Comparison Between Ways To Find Python List Length
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Know How To Get Python List Length? Prove it!
Table of content:
- List of Methods To Reverse A Python List
- Python Reverse List Using reverse() Method
- Python Reverse List Using the Slice Operator ([::-1])
- Python Reverse List By Swapping Elements
- Python Reverse List Using The reversed() Function
- Python Reverse List Using A for Loop
- Python Reverse List Using While Loop
- Python Reverse List Using List Comprehension
- Python Reverse List Using List Indexing
- Python Reverse List Using The range() Function
- Python Reverse List Using NumPy
- Comparison Of Ways To Reverse A Python List
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Time To Test Your Python List Reversal Skills!
Table of content:
- What Is Indexing In Python?
- The Python List index() Function
- How To Use Python List index() To Find Index Of A List Element
- The Python List index() Method With Single Parameter (Start)
- The Python List index() Method With Start & Stop Parameters
- What Happens When We Use Python List index() For An Element That Doesn't Exist
- Python List index() With Nested Lists
- Fixing IndexError Using The Python List index() Method
- Python List index() With Enumerate()
- Real-world Examples Of Python List index() Method
- Difference Between find() And index() Method In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know Python List Indexing? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- How To Remove Elements From List In Python?
- The remove() Method To Remove Element From Python List
- The pop() Method To Remove Element From List In Python
- The del Keyword To Remove Element From List In Python
- The clear() Method To Remove Elements From Python List
- List Comprehensions To Conditionally Remove Element From List In Python
- Key Considerations For Removing Elements From Python Lists
- Why We Need to Remove Elements From Python List
- Performance Comparison Of Methods To Remove Element From List In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Quiz– Prove You Know How To Remove Item From Python Lists!
Table of content:
- How To Remove Duplicates From A List In Python?
- The set() Function To Remove Duplicates From Python List
- Remove Duplicates From Python List Using For Loop
- Using List Comprehension Remove Duplicates From Python List
- Remove Duplicates From Python List Using enumerate() With List Comprehension
- Dictionary & fromkeys() Method To Remove Duplicates From Python List
- Remove Duplicates From Python List Using in, not in Operators
- Remove Duplicates From Python List Using collections.OrderedDict.fromkeys()
- Remove Duplicates From Python List Using Counter with freq.dist() Method
- The del Keyword Remove Duplicates From Python List
- Remove Duplicates From Python List Using DataFrame
- Remove Duplicates From Python List Using pd.unique and np.unipue
- Remove Duplicates From Python List Using reduce() function
- Comparative Analysis Of Ways To Remove Duplicates From Python List
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know How to Remove Duplicates? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is Python List & How To Access Elements?
- What Is IndexError: List Index Out Of Range & Its Causes In Python?
- Understanding Indexing Behavior In Python Lists
- How to Prevent/ Fix IndexError: List Index Out Of Range In Python
- Handling IndexError Gracefully Using Try-Except
- Debugging Tips For IndexError: List Index Out Of Range Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Avoiding ‘List Index Out of Range’ Errors? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is the Python sort() List Method?
- Sorting In Ascending Order Using The Python sort() List Method
- How To Sort Items In Descending Order Using Python sort() List Method
- Custom Sorting Using The Key Parameter Of Python sort() List Method
- Examples Of Python sort() List Method
- What Is The sorted() List Method In Python
- Differences Between sorted() And sort() List Methods In Python
- When To Use sorted() & When To Use sort() List Method In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Take A Quick Python's sort() Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is A List In Python?
- What Is A String In Python?
- Why Convert Python List To String?
- How To Convert List To String In Python?
- The join() Method To Convert Python List To String
- Convert Python List To String Through Iteration
- Convert Python List To String With List Comprehension
- The map() Function To Convert Python List To String
- Convert Python List to String Using format() Function
- Convert Python List To String Using Recursion
- Enumeration Function To Convert Python List To String
- Convert Python List To String Using Operator Module
- Python Program To Convert String To List
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Convert Lists To Strings Like A Pro! Take A Quiz
Table of content:
- What Is Inheritance In Python?
- Python Inheritance Syntax
- Parent Class In Python Inheritance
- Child Class In Python Inheritance
- The __init__() Method In Python Inheritance
- The super() Function In Python Inheritance
- Method Overriding In Python Inheritance
- Types Of Inheritance In Python
- Special Functions In Python Inheritance
- Advantages & Disadvantages Of Inheritance In Python
- Common Use Cases For Inheritance In Python
- Best Practices for Implementing Inheritance in Python
- Avoiding Common Pitfalls in Python Inheritance
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 💡 Python Inheritance Quiz – Are You Ready?
Table of content:
- What Is The Python List append() Method?
- Adding Elements To A Python List Using append()
- Populate A Python List Using append()
- Adding Different Data Types To Python List Using append()
- Adding A List To Python List Using append()
- Nested Lists With Python List append() Method
- Practical Use Cases Of Python List append() Method
- How append() Method Affects List Performance
- Avoiding Common Mistakes When Using Python List append()
- Comparing extend() With append() Python List Method
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 🧠 Think You Know Python List append()? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is A Linked List In Python?
- Types Of Linked Lists In Python
- How To Create A Linked List In Python
- How To Traverse A Linked List In Python & Retrieve Elements
- Inserting Elements In A Linked List In Python
- Deleting Elements From A Linked List In Python
- Update A Node Of Linked List In Python
- Reversing A Linked List In Python
- Calculating Length Of A Linked List In Python
- Comparing Arrays And Linked Lists In Python
- Advantages & Disadvantages Of Linked List In Python
- When To Use Linked Lists Over Other Data Structures
- Practical Applications Of Linked Lists In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 🔗 Linked List Logic: Can You Ace This Quiz?
Table of content:
- What Is Extend In Python?
- Extend In Python With List
- Extend In Python With String
- Extend In Python With Tuple
- Extend In Python With Set
- Extend In Python With Dictionary
- Other Methods To Extend A List In Python
- Difference Between append() and extend() In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know extend() In Python? Prove It!
Table of content:
- What Is Recursion In Python?
- Key Components Of Recursive Functions In Python
- Implementing Recursion In Python
- Recursion Vs. Iteration In Python
- Tail Recursion In Python
- Infinite Recursion In Python
- Advantages Of Recursion In Python
- Disadvantages Of Recursion In Python
- Best Practices For Using Recursion In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Recursive Thinking In Python: Test Your Skills!
Table of content:
- What Is Type Conversion In Python?
- Types Of Type Conversion In Python
- Implicit Type Conversion In Python
- Explicit Type Conversion In Python
- Functions Used For Explicit Data Type Conversion In Python
- Important Type Conversion Tips In Python
- Benefits Of Type Conversion In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know Type Conversion? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is Scope In Python?
- Local Scope In Python
- Global Scope In Python
- Nonlocal (Enclosing) Scope In Python
- Built-In Scope In Python
- The LEGB Rule For Python Scope
- Python Scope And Variable Lifetime
- Best Practices For Managing Python Scope
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know Python Scope? Test Yourself!
Table of content:
- Understanding The Continue Statement In Python
- How Does Continue Statement Work In Python?
- Python Continue Statement With For Loops
- Python Continue Statement With While Loops
- Python Continue Statement With Nested Loops
- Python Continue With If-Else Statement
- Difference Between Pass and Continue Statement In Python
- Practical Applications Of Continue Statement In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Python 'continue' Statement Quiz: Can You Ace It?
Table of content:
- What Are Control Statements In Python?
- Types Of Control Statements In Python
- Conditional Control Statements In Python
- Loop Control Statements In Python
- Control Flow Altering Statements In Python
- Exception Handling Control Statements In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Mastering Control Statements In Python – Take the Quiz!
Table of content:
- Difference Between Mutable And Immutable Data Types in Python
- What Is Mutable Data Type In Python?
- Types Of Mutable Data Types In Python
- What Are Immutable Data Types In Python?
- Types Of Immutable Data Types In Python
- Key Similarities Between Mutable And Immutable Data Types In Python
- When To Use Mutable Vs Immutable In Python?
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Quiz Time: Mutable vs. Immutable In Python!
Table of content:
- What Is A List?
- What Is A Tuple?
- Difference Between List And Tuple In Python (Comparison Table)
- Syntax Difference Between List And Tuple In Python
- Mutability Difference Between List And Tuple In Python
- Other Difference Between List And Tuple In Python
- List Vs. Tuple In Python | Methods
- When To Use Tuples Over Lists?
- Key Similarities Between Tuples And Lists In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 🧐 Lists vs. Tuples Quiz: Test Your Python Knowledge!
Table of content:
- Introduction to Python
- Downloading & Installing Python, IDLE, Tkinter, NumPy & PyGame
- Creating A New Python Project
- How To Write Python Hello World Program In Python?
- Way To Write The Hello, World! Program In Python
- The Hello, World! Program In Python Using Class
- The Hello, World! Program In Python Using Function
- Print Hello World 5 Times Using A For Loop
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 👋 Python's 'Hello, World!'—How Well Do You Know It?
Table of content:
- Algorithm Of Python Program To Add To Numbers
- Standard Program To Add Two Numbers In Python
- Python Program To Add Two Numbers With User-defined Input
- The add() Method In Python Program To Add Two Numbers
- Python Program To Add Two Numbers Using Lambda
- Python Program To Add Two Numbers Using Function
- Python Program To Add Two Numbers Using Recursion
- Python Program To Add Two Numbers Using Class
- How To Add Multiple Numbers In Python?
- Add Multiple Numbers In Python With User Input
- Time Complexities Of Python Programs To Add Two Numbers
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 💡 Quiz Time: Python Addition Basics!
Table of content:
- Swapping in Python
- Swapping Two Variables Using A Temporary Variable
- Swapping Two Variables Using The Comma Operator In Python
- Swapping Two Variables Using The Arithmetic Operators (+,-)
- Swapping Two Variables Using The Arithmetic Operators (*,/)
- Swapping Two Variables Using The XOR(^) Operator
- Swapping Two Variables Using Bitwise Addition and Subtraction
- Swap Variables In A List
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Quiz To Test Your Variable Swapping Knowledge
Table of content:
- What Is A Quadratic Equation? How To Solve It?
- How To Write A Python Program To Solve Quadratic Equations?
- Python Program To Solve Quadratic Equations Directly Using The Formula
- Python Program To Solve Quadratic Equations Using The Complex Math Module
- Python Program To Solve Quadratic Equations Using Functions
- Python Program To Solve Quadratic Equations & Find Number Of Solutions
- Python Program To Plot Quadratic Functions
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Quadratic Equations In Python Quiz: Test Your Knowledge!
Table of content:
- What Is Decimal Number System?
- What Is Binary Number System?
- What Is Octal Number System?
- What Is Hexadecimal Number System?
- Python Program to Convert Decimal to Binary, Octal, And Hexadecimal Using Built-In Function
- Python Program To Convert Decimal To Binary Using Recursion
- Python Program To Convert Decimal To Octal Using Recursion
- Python Program To Convert Decimal To Hexadecimal Using Recursion
- Python Program To Convert Decimal To Binary Using While Loop
- Python Program To Convert Decimal To Octal Using While Loop
- Python Program To Convert Decimal To Hexadecimal Using While Loop
- Convert Decimal To Binary, Octal, And Hexadecimal Using String Formatting
- Python Program To Convert Binary, Octal, And Hexadecimal String To A Number
- Complexity Comparison Of Python Programs To Convert Decimal To Binary, Octal, And Hexadecimal
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 💡 Decimal To Binary, Octal & Hex: Quiz Time!
Table of content:
- What Is A Square Root?
- Python Program To Find The Square Root Of A Number
- The pow() Function In Python Program To Find The Square Root Of Given Number
- Python Program To Find Square Root Using The sqrt() Function
- The cmath Module & Python Program To Find The Square Root Of A Number
- Python Program To Find Square Root Using The Exponent Operator (**)
- Python Program To Find Square Root With A User-Defined Function
- Python Program To Find Square Root Using A Class
- Python Program To Find Square Root Using Binary Search
- Python Program To Find Square Root Using NumPy Module
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 🤓 Think You Know Square Roots In Python? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- Understanding the Logic Behind the Conversion of Kilometers to Miles
- Steps To Write Python Program To Convert Kilometers To Miles
- Python Program To Convert Kilometer To Miles Without Function
- Python Program To Convert Kilometer To Miles Using Function
- Python Program to Convert Kilometer To Miles Using Class
- Tips For Writing Python Program To Convert Kilometer To Miles
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 🧐 Mastered Kilometer To Mile Conversion? Prove It!
Table of content:
- Why Build A Calculator Program In Python?
- Prerequisites To Writing A Calculator Program In Python
- Approach For Writing A Calculator Program In Python
- Simple Calculator Program In Python
- Calculator Program In Python Using Functions
- Creating GUI Calculator Program In Python Using Tkinter
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 🧮 Calculator Program In Python Quiz!
Table of content:
- The Calendar Module In Python
- Prerequisites For Writing A Calendar Program In Python
- How To Write And Print A Calendar Program In Python
- Calendar Program In Python To Display A Month
- Calendar Program In Python To Display A Year
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Calendar Program In Python – Quiz Time!
Table of content:
- What Is The Fibonacci Series?
- Pseudocode Code For Fibonacci Series Program In Python
- Generating Fibonacci Series In Python Using Naive Approach (While Loop)
- Fibonacci Series Program In Python Using The Direct Formula
- How To Generate Fibonacci Series In Python Using Recursion?
- Generating Fibonacci Series In Python With Dynamic Programming
- Fibonacci Series Program In Python Using For Loop
- Generating Fibonacci Series In Python Using If-Else Statement
- Generating Fibonacci Series In Python Using Arrays
- Generating Fibonacci Series In Python Using Cache
- Generating Fibonacci Series In Python Using Backtracking
- Fibonacci Series In Python Using Power Of Matix
- Complexity Analysis For Fibonacci Series Programs In Python
- Applications Of Fibonacci Series In Python & Programming
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 🤔 Think You Know Fibonacci Series? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- Different Ways To Write Random Number Generator Python Programs
- Random Module To Write Random Number Generator Python Programs
- The Numpy Module To Write Random Number Generator Python Programs
- The Secrets Module To Write Random Number Generator Python Programs
- Understanding Randomness and Pseudo-Randomness In Python
- Common Issues and Solutions in Random Number Generation
- Applications of Random Number Generator Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know Python's Random Module? Prove It!
Table of content:
- What Is A Factorial?
- Algorithm Of Program To Find Factorial Of A Number In Python
- Pseudocode For Factorial Program in Python
- Factorial Program In Python Using For Loop
- Factorial Program In Python Using Recursion
- Factorial Program In Python Using While Loop
- Factorial Program In Python Using If-Else Statement
- The math Module | Factorial Program In Python Using Built-In Factorial() Function
- Python Program to Find Factorial of a Number Using Ternary Operator(One Line Solution)
- Python Program For Factorial Using Prime Factorization Method
- NumPy Module | Factorial Program In Python Using numpy.prod() Function
- Complexity Analysis Of Factorial Programs In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know Factorials In Python? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- What Is Palindrome In Python?
- Check Palindrome In Python Using While Loop (Iterative Approach)
- Check Palindrome In Python Using For Loop And Character Matching
- Check Palindrome In Python Using The Reverse And Compare Method (Python Slicing)
- Check Palindrome In Python Using The In-built reversed() And join() Methods
- Check Palindrome In Python Using Recursion Method
- Check Palindrome In Python Using Flag
- Check Palindrome In Python Using One Extra Variable
- Check Palindrome In Python By Building Reverse, One Character At A Time
- Complexity Analysis For Palindrome Programs In Python
- Real-World Applications Of Palindrome In Python
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Think You Know Palindromes? Take A Quiz!
Table of content:
- Best Python Books For Beginners
- Best Python Books For Intermediate Level
- Best Python Books For Experts
- Best Python Books To Learn Algorithms
- Audiobooks of Python
- Best Books To Learn Python And Code Like A Pro
- To Learn Python Libraries
- Books To Provide Extra Edge In Python
- Python Project Ideas - Reference
- Quiz To Rehash Your Knowledge Of Python Books!
Remove Duplicates From Python List | 12 Ways With Code Examples

In Python, lists are one of the most versatile and commonly used data structures, allowing you to store multiple items in a single variable. However, when working with lists, you may often encounter duplicate values, which can clutter your data or lead to incorrect results in computations. Removing duplicates from a list is a common operation, whether you're cleaning data, optimizing performance, or ensuring uniqueness.
There are multiple ways to remove duplicates from Python lists, which we will discuss in this article, with code examples. We’ll also compare these methods to help you choose the best one for your needs. So let’s get started!
How To Remove Duplicates From A List In Python?
Here’s a quick overview of the methods to remove duplicates from Python lists we will cover:
- The set() method
- For loop
- List comprehension
- List comprehension with enumerate()
- Dictionary and fromkeys()
- The in and not in operators
- The collections.OrderedDict.fromkeys()
- Counter with frequency distribution
- The del keyword
- Pandas DataFrame
- Unique from panda and NumPy (pd.unique and np.unique)
- The reduce() function
The set() Function To Remove Duplicates From Python List
The built-in Python function set() is one of the most straightforward and commonly used methods to remove duplicates from a Python list. The set data structure automatically ensures that all elements are unique, making it a quick and efficient solution.
How It Works?
- Convert list to set: We first convert the Python list into a set, which is an unordered collection of unique elements.
- Duplicates automatically removed: Conversion from list to set, automatically discards any duplicate entries, since sets do not support duplicate elements.
- Convert set to a list: Use the list() function to convert the set back to a list. Note that since sets are unordered, this step ensures the final result is in a list format, but the order will not be preserved.
Code Example:
# Original list with duplicates
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
# Removing duplicates using set()
unique_list = list(set(original_list))
# Printing the output
print("Original List:", original_list)
print("Unique List:", unique_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
Unique List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the simple Python program example,
- We begin by creating a list called original_list, that contains duplicate elements: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]. The goal is to remove the duplicates and create a new list with only unique values.
- Then, we use the set() function, passing original_list as an argument, to convert the list to a set.
- The function creates a set containing {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}—the duplicate values 2 and 4 are eliminated in this process.
- Next, we use the list() function to convert the set back to a list and assign the outcome to the unique_list. Since a set is not a list and doesn't maintain order, we convert it back using the function with ease.
- Now, unique_list contains only the unique elements from the original list, but the order of elements is not preserved due to the nature of sets.
- Finally, we use the print() function to display both the original list and the new unique list for comparison.
This demonstrates how easily duplicates can be removed using the set() function. However, note that this method is not suitable if you need to preserve the original order of elements in the list.
Remove Duplicates From Python List Using For Loop
The for loop is a manual approach to remove duplicates from a Python list. It involves iterating through the original list and appending elements to a new list only if they are not already present. This method is ideal when you need to preserve the original order of the elements and avoid using additional libraries.
How It Works?
- Create an empty list: Start by initializing an empty list where only unique elements will be stored.
- Iterate through the original list: Use a for loop to go through each element in the list one by one.
- Check if the element is already present: For each element in the original list, check if it is in the new list.
- If not present, append it to the new list.
- If already present, skip it.
Code Example:
# Original list with duplicates & empty list
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
unique_list = []
# Removing duplicates using a for loop
for item in original_list:
if item not in unique_list:
unique_list.append(item)
# Printing the original and new list
print("Original List:", original_list)
print("Unique List:", unique_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
Unique List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the simple Python code example,
- We start with the list original_list, which contains duplicate values.
- Then, we create an empty list unique_list to store unique elements.
- Next, we use a for loop to iterate over each item in original_list.
- Inside, we have an if-statement which checks whether the current item is already present in unique_list.
- If it isn’t, we use the append() method to add it to the unique_list.
- If it is there, the flow skips the if-block, and we move to the next iteration.
- After the iterations, the unique_list will contain only the unique elements [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] while maintaining the original order. We print both lists to the console.
This method preserves order but can be slow for large lists due to repeated membership checks.
Check out this amazing course to become the best version of the Python programmer you can be.
Using List Comprehension Remove Duplicates From Python List
List comprehension offers a compact way to remove duplicates from a list while preserving the order of elements. By combining list comprehension with a condition that checks for duplicates, we can filter out repeated values efficiently.
How It Works?
- Create an empty list: In the list comprehension, an empty list will be created automatically to store unique elements.
- Iterate through the original list: The list comprehension iterates through each item in the original list.
- Check for uniqueness: For each element, check if it is already in the result list.
- If not present, add it to the result.
- If it is already present, skip it.
Code Example:
# Original list with duplicates
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
# Removing duplicates using list comprehension
unique_list = []
[unique_list.append(item) for item in original_list if item not in unique_list]
# Printing lists
print("Original List:", original_list)
print("Unique List:", unique_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
Unique List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the Python program example:
- We begin with original_list, which contains duplicates, and create an empty list unique_list, to store the new list with unique items.
- Then, we use list comprehension to iterate through each element in original_list.
- The condition if item not in unique_list ensures that each element is checked for uniqueness.
- If it is not already in the unique_list, it is appended to the list.
- If it is there in unique_list, we ignore the element and move to the next.
- The result is that unique_list contains only the unique elements [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], with the original order preserved.
This approach in Python programming is concise and readable, but performance can suffer for large lists due to repeated membership checks.
Remove Duplicates From Python List Using enumerate() With List Comprehension
By combining list comprehension with the enumerate() function, we can remove duplicates from a list while keeping track of the index positions of elements. This approach is especially useful when we want to filter duplicates based on the order of their first occurrence while leveraging the power of enumerate() to access both the element and its index in the original list.
How It Works?
- Create an empty list: An empty list is used to store the unique elements as they are identified.
- Use enumerate(): The enumerate() function in Python provides both the index and the value of each element while iterating through the list.
- Check for uniqueness: The list comprehension checks whether an element has appeared before by using its index.
- If it’s the first time the element appears, it is added to the result list.
- If the element is a duplicate, it is skipped.
Code Example:
# Original list and empty list
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
unique_list = []
# Removing duplicates using list comprehension + enumerate()
[unique_list.append(item) for index, item in enumerate(original_list) if item not in original_list[:index]]
# Printing lists
print("Original List:", original_list)
print("Unique List:", unique_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
Unique List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In this Python code example:
- We begin with the list with duplicate values called original_list, and create an empty list called unique_list.
- Then, we use list comprehension to iterate through each element in original_list using enumerate() to get both the index and the item.
- original_list[:index] checks if the item already appeared earlier in the list by slicing the list up to the current index.
- If the item has not been encountered before, it is added to unique_list. If it has, it is skipped.
- The result is that unique_list contains only the unique elements [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], and the original order is preserved.
This method removes duplicates based on the first occurrence but can be slower for large lists due to repeated slicing.
Dictionary & fromkeys() Method To Remove Duplicates From Python List
The fromkeys() method of a dictionary provides a clever way to remove duplicates from a list. Since dictionary keys are inherently unique, this method takes advantage of that property. By converting the list into a dictionary where the list elements serve as keys, duplicates are automatically removed. Afterward, you can convert the dictionary back to a list to get the unique elements.
How It Works?
- Convert the list to a dictionary: Use fromkeys() to create a dictionary where each element of the list becomes a key. Since dictionary keys must be unique, duplicates are eliminated in the process.
- Convert the dictionary back to a list: Once duplicates are removed, convert the dictionary back into a list to get the final list of unique elements.
- Preserve the order: The order of the original elements is not preserved because dictionaries before Python 3.7 were unordered. However, since Python 3.7+, dictionaries maintain insertion order, making this method useful if order matters.
Code Example:
# Original list with duplicates
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
# Removing duplicates using dictionary and fromkeys()
unique_list = list(dict.fromkeys(original_list))
print("Original List:", original_list)
print("Unique List:", unique_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
Unique List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the example Python program:
- We first initialize a list original_list with duplicate values.
- Then, we use the fromkey() method to create a dictionary where each element of original_list becomes a key. Since dictionary keys are unique, the duplicates are automatically removed.
- We then convert the dictionary back to a list using list(), which results in the list [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], containing only the unique elements.
- The order is preserved (since Python 3.7+), and the output shows the desired result.
While this method is concise and efficient for removing duplicates, it may not be ideal for older Python versions (prior to 3.7), where the order of elements in a dictionary is not guaranteed.
Remove Duplicates From Python List Using in, not in Operators
This method uses a simple and intuitive approach by leveraging the in and not in operators within a for loop. By iterating through the original list and checking if each element is already present in a new list, duplicates are removed efficiently while maintaining the order.
How It Works?
- Create an empty list: We initialize an empty list to store the unique elements.
- Iterate through the original list: A for loop is used to go through each element of the original list.
- Check if the element is not already in the new list: For each element, check if it is already in the new list using the not in operator.
- If the element is not present, append it to the new list.
- If it is already present, skip it.
Code Example:
# Original list with duplicates
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
# Removing duplicates using in and not in operators
unique_list = []
for item in original_list:
if item not in unique_list:
unique_list.append(item)
#Printing both lists to compare
print("Original List:", original_list)
print("Unique List:", unique_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
Unique List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the example Python code:
- We initialize a list original_list with some duplicate values and create an empty list, unique_list, to store only unique items.
- Then, we use a for loop with in and not operators to iterate through each item in the original_list.
- The condition if item not in unique_list checks if the current item is already in the unique_list.
- If the item is not present, it is appended to unique_list. If it is already present, the loop moves to the next element.
- After the loop finishes, unique_list contains only unique elements [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], preserving the original order.
This method works well for small lists, but it can become inefficient for larger lists due to the repeated in checks, which have a time complexity of O(n).
Remove Duplicates From Python List Using collections.OrderedDict.fromkeys()
The OrderedDict from the collections module is another excellent way to remove duplicates from a Python list while preserving the order of the elements. The OrderedDict is a dictionary subclass that remembers the order in which items are inserted. By using its fromkeys() method, we can take advantage of its unique key properties to eliminate duplicates from the list.
How It Works?
- Create an OrderedDict: Use the OrderedDict.fromkeys() method to create an ordered dictionary, where the elements of the list become the keys. Since dictionary keys must be unique, duplicates are automatically removed.
- Convert the OrderedDict back to a list: After duplicates are removed, the keys of the OrderedDict are converted back into a list.
This step results in a list that contains only the unique elements, preserving their original order.
Code Example:
from collections import OrderedDict
# Original list with duplicates
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
# Removing duplicates using collections.OrderedDict.fromkeys()
unique_list = list(OrderedDict.fromkeys(original_list))
print("Original List:", original_list)
print("Unique List:", unique_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
Unique List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the sample Python code:
- We begin with the original_list, which contains duplicate elements.
- Then, we call the OrderedDict.fromkeys() method on the list creates an ordered dictionary, where each element in original_list becomes a key. Since dictionary keys must be unique, duplicates are automatically removed.
- We then convert the keys of the OrderedDict back to a list using list(), which results in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], the unique elements from the original list.
- This method preserves the original order, as OrderedDict maintains the insertion order of its elements.
The OrderedDict approach is efficient for preserving order but slightly slower than set() for large lists; ideal when order matters.
Level up your coding skills with the 100-Day Coding Sprint at Unstop and get the bragging rights, now!
Remove Duplicates From Python List Using Counter with freq.dist() Method
The Counter class from the collections module is typically used to count the occurrences of items in an iterable. However, it can also be used to remove duplicates by leveraging its frequency distribution properties. By converting the list into a Counter object, we can easily remove duplicates while still keeping track of the frequency of each element, although, in the context of removing duplicates, we only care about the keys (unique elements).
How It Works?
- Use Counter: Convert the original list into a Counter object. Each unique element in the list becomes a key in the Counter, with its value being the count of occurrences.
- Extract keys: Since duplicates are eliminated at this stage, you can extract the keys of the Counter, which are the unique elements.
- Convert back to list: Convert the keys of the Counter object back to a list.
Code Example:
from collections import Counter
# Original list with duplicates
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
# Removing duplicates using Counter
unique_list = list(Counter(original_list).keys())
print("Original List:", original_list)
print("Unique List:", unique_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
Unique List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the basic Python program example:
- We have a list original_list with duplicate elements.
- Then, we use the Counter() method to create a Counter object from the list, where each unique element in original_list becomes a key in the Counter. The value for each key represents the frequency of that element in the list.
- We then use the keys() method to extract the unique elements (keys) from the Counter and convert them into a list using list(). This results in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].
- The output shows the unique elements, with duplicates removed, and the order of elements is maintained.
This approach is both concise and effective for removing duplicates from the Python list while tracking frequencies; however, order is not guaranteed in Python versions < 3.7.
The del Keyword Remove Duplicates From Python List
The del keyword in Python is typically used to delete variables or elements from data structures like lists. While it may not be the most commonly used approach for removing duplicates, it can still be leveraged effectively in combination with a loop to eliminate duplicate elements from a list. This method works by iterating through the list, and if a duplicate is found, the del keyword removes the element from the list.
How It Works?
- Iterate through the list: We begin by iterating through the list from the first to the last element.
- Check for duplicates: For each element, we check if it already exists in the sublist before it (this can be done using slicing or index-based checking).
- Delete duplicates: If a duplicate is found, we use the del keyword to remove the element from the list.
Code Example:
# Original list with duplicates
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
# Removing duplicates using del keyword
index = 0
while index < len(original_list):
if original_list[index] in original_list[:index]:
del original_list[index]
else:
index += 1
print("Original List:", original_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the Python code sample,
- We start with the original_list, which contains duplicate values.
- Then, we initialize an index variable to keep track of iterations through the list.
- Next, we use a while loop with an if-else statement. It checks if the current element (at original_list[index]) exists in the sublist before it (original_list[:index]).
- If it is found, we use the del keyword to remove it from the list.
- If it is not found, we move to the next element by incrementing the index.
- After the loop completes, the list contains only the unique elements [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], with duplicates removed.
This method works well, but it can be less efficient than others because each time an element is checked using slicing (original_list[:index]), a new list must be created.
Remove Duplicates From Python List Using DataFrame
When working with data, particularly in Python, the pandas library is often used for handling tabular data. In cases where lists need to be manipulated, a list can be converted to a DataFrame, and duplicates can be removed using pandas functionality. This method takes advantage of pandas' efficient handling of data and is useful when working with larger datasets or when other data processing tasks are required in conjunction with removing duplicates.
How It Works?
- Convert the list to a DataFrame: First, we convert the original list into a pandas DataFrame. This step is helpful when dealing with more complex data structures or when additional data manipulation is necessary.
- Remove duplicates: Use the drop_duplicates() method available in pandas to remove duplicate rows from the DataFrame.
- Convert back to a list: After removing duplicates, convert the DataFrame back into a Python list which contains only the unique elements.
Code Example:
import pandas as pd
# Original list with duplicates
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
# Convert the list to a DataFrame and remove duplicates
df = pd.DataFrame(original_list, columns=["Number"])
unique_list = df["Number"].drop_duplicates().tolist()
print("Original List:", original_list)
print("Unique List:", unique_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
Unique List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the example:
- We start with the original_list that contains duplicate values.
- Then, we use the DataFrame() method with original_list and original_list, column number as argument, to convert the list into a DataFrame. This step is necessary to leverage pandas functionalities.
- Next, we use the drop_duplicates() method to remove duplicates from the DataFrame. This method automatically keeps the first occurrence of each unique element.
- Finally, we use the tolist() function to convert the column of the DataFrame back into a Python list, resulting in the list [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].
This method is best for large datasets or complex workflows but requires importing pandas and may be overkill for small lists.
Remove Duplicates From Python List Using pd.unique and np.unipue
Both pandas and numpy offer efficient methods for handling unique elements in an iterable. The pd.unique() function in pandas and np.unique() in numpy are widely used to find the unique values in a list while removing duplicates. These methods are particularly useful when you’re already working with pandas DataFrames or numpy arrays, or when you need high-performance solutions for larger datasets.
How It Works?
- Use pd.unique() or np.unique(): Both methods take an iterable (like a list) and return the unique elements, effectively removing duplicates.
- pd.unique() is part of the pandas library and is typically used for handling pandas Series or DataFrame columns.
- np.unique() is part of the numpy library and is used for finding unique values in a numpy array.
- Convert to list: Both methods return the unique elements in the order they appear in an array or Series. You must use tolist() to convert it back to a list.
Code Example:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
# Original list with duplicates
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
# Using pandas' pd.unique()
unique_list_pandas = pd.unique(original_list).tolist()
# Using numpy's np.unique()
unique_list_numpy = np.unique(original_list).tolist()
print("Unique List using pd.unique():", unique_list_pandas)
print("Unique List using np.unique():", unique_list_numpy)
Output:
Unique List using pd.unique(): [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Unique List using np.unique(): [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the sample Python program:
- We use the unique() function from the pandas library on original_list, which returns the unique elements in the list. This function preserves the order of elements.
- Similarly, the unique() method from the numpy library also returns the unique elements in the list, preserving the order.
- Both methods return a numpy array by default, so we use the tolist() to convert the array back into a Python list.
- The final output is the list [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], where duplicates have been removed.
Both pd.unique() and np.unique() are efficient for removing duplicates in pandas or numpy contexts, but require importing the respective Python libraries.
Remove Duplicates From Python List Using reduce() function
The reduce() function from the functools module is another interesting approach for removing duplicates from a Python list. Although it's typically used for performing cumulative operations (like summing a list or multiplying its elements), it can also be leveraged to accumulate only unique elements from a list.
How It Works?
- Use reduce(): The reduce() function applies a binary function cumulatively to the items of the iterable, from left to right. In this case, we can use it to check if an element has already been added to the result list. If it hasn't, we append it.
- Accumulator: The accumulator in the reduce() function holds the intermediate results, which, in this case, will be the list of unique elements.
Code Example:
from functools import reduce
# Original list with duplicates
original_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
# Removing duplicates using reduce
unique_list = reduce(lambda acc, x: acc + [x] if x not in acc else acc, original_list, [])
print("Original List:", original_list)
print("Unique List:", unique_list)
Output:
Original List: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
Unique List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Explanation:
In the example code, we have a list original_list with duplicate elements.
- We use the reduce() function with a lambda function as the accumulator.
- The lambda function checks if the current element x is not already in the accumulator (acc).
- If it's not present, it adds x to the list; otherwise, it keeps the list unchanged.
- The accumulator starts as an empty list ([]), and as reduce() processes the original_list, it accumulates only the unique elements.
- The final result, unique_list, contains the unique elements [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].
The reduce() approach is elegant but less efficient for large datasets due to repeated checking; useful in complex scenarios or when already using reduce().
Comparative Analysis Of Ways To Remove Duplicates From Python List
Now that we've covered several methods to remove duplicates from a Python list, it's time to compare them in terms of their efficiency and use cases. Below is a table summarizing the complexity and characteristics of each method.
Method |
Time Complexity |
Space Complexity |
Remarks |
set() |
O(n) |
O(n) |
Simple and fast; order of elements is not preserved. |
List comprehension |
O(n) |
O(n) |
Keeps the order intact; more Pythonic than loops. |
For loop |
O(n^2) |
O(n) |
Not efficient for large lists due to repeated membership checks. |
List comprehension + enumerate() |
O(n) |
O(n) |
A slight optimization over basic list comprehension. |
dict.fromkeys() |
O(n) |
O(n) |
Order is not guaranteed in older Python versions (< 3.7); efficient in most cases. |
in / not in operators |
O(n^2) |
O(n) |
Less efficient due to repeated membership checks. |
OrderedDict.fromkeys() |
O(n) |
O(n) |
Maintains insertion order; works well for large lists. |
Counter() |
O(n) |
O(n) |
Provides frequency count; best for large datasets with additional analysis. |
del keyword |
O(n^2) |
O(1) |
Not ideal for this task due to inefficiency. |
DataFrame (pandas) |
O(n) |
O(n) |
Efficient with large datasets, but requires pandas overhead. |
pd.unique() / np.unique() |
O(n) |
O(n) |
Ideal when working with pandas or numpy arrays. |
reduce() |
O(n^2) |
O(n) |
Elegant but inefficient for large lists. |
As is evident from the table:
- Efficient Methods: set() and list comprehension are both fast (O(n)) and efficient, but set() doesn’t preserve order, while list comprehension does.
- Order Preservation: Use list comprehension, OrderedDict.fromkeys(), or pd.unique() if maintaining the original order is essential.
- Best for Large Datasets: Counter() and DataFrame methods are optimized for large datasets, but DataFrame introduces overhead.
- Inefficient Methods: del, in/not in, and reduce() are slower (O(n²)) and should be avoided for larger lists.
- Special Cases: Counter() is useful for frequency analysis, and np.unique()/pd.unique() work well in numpy or pandas contexts.
Looking for guidance? Find the perfect mentor from select experienced coding & software development experts here.
Conclusion
Removing duplicates from a Python list is a common task that can be approached in multiple ways, each with its own advantages and trade-offs. We've discussed 12 distinct methods, ranging from simple and intuitive solutions like the set() function and list comprehension to more complex methods involving Counter(), pandas, and reduce().
Each method has its own performance characteristics, making it suitable for different scenarios based on the size of the data and the need to preserve element order. The best method for removing duplicates depends on your specific needs—whether it’s efficiency, maintaining order, or handling large datasets.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. How do I remove duplicates from two lists in Python?
You can remove duplicates from two lists by concatenating them and converting the result to a set(), then converting it back to a list. For example:
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [2, 3, 4]
unique_list = list(set(list1 + list2))
This removes duplicates from both lists.
Q2. How do I remove duplicates from a nested list in Python?
To remove duplicates from a nested list (where each element is a list), you can use a set of tuple conversions. For example:
nested_list = [[1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]
unique_list = [list(item) for item in set(tuple(i) for i in nested_list)]
Q3. How do I remove duplicates from a list of lists?
Removing duplicates from a list of lists works similarly to the nested list example. Use the set method with tuple conversions. For example:
list_of_lists = [[1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]
unique_list = [list(item) for item in set(tuple(i) for i in list_of_lists)]
Q4. How do I remove duplicates from two lists?
You can concatenate two lists and use set() to remove duplicates. For example:
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [3, 4, 5]
unique_list = list(set(list1 + list2))
Q5. How do I remove duplicates from a nested array?
Similar to nested lists, you can remove duplicates by converting the elements of lists to tuples, using set(), and then converting them back to a list. For example:
nested_array = [[1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]
unique_array = [list(item) for item in set(tuple(i) for i in nested_array)]
Q6. Does sorted() remove duplicates from Python lists?
No, the sorted() function does not remove duplicates. It only sorts the elements in ascending order. If you want to sort and remove duplicates from Python lists, use sorted(set(list)). For example:
my_list = [3, 1, 2, 3, 2]
unique_sorted_list = sorted(set(my_list))
Think You Know How To Remove Duplicates? Take A Quiz!
Do check the following out:
- Python Reverse List | 10 Ways & Complexity Analysis (+Examples)
- Python Assert Keyword | Types, Uses, Best Practices (+Code Examples)
- Python Strings | Create, Format, Reassign & More (+Examples)
- Python input() Function (+Input Casting & Handling With Examples)
- Convert Int To String In Python | Learn 6 Methods With Examples
- Python max() Function With Objects & Iterables (+Code Examples)
An economics graduate with a passion for storytelling, I thrive on crafting content that blends creativity with technical insight. At Unstop, I create in-depth, SEO-driven content that simplifies complex tech topics and covers a wide array of subjects, all designed to inform, engage, and inspire our readers. My goal is to empower others to truly #BeUnstoppable through content that resonates. When I’m not writing, you’ll find me immersed in art, food, or lost in a good book—constantly drawing inspiration from the world around me.
Comments
Add commentLogin to continue reading
And access exclusive content, personalized recommendations, and career-boosting opportunities.

Subscribe
to our newsletter
Ujjwal Sharma 11 hours ago
Anjali Nimesh 5 days ago
kavita Prajapati 3 weeks ago
niyati m singh 3 weeks ago
niyati m singh 3 weeks ago
Pardha Venkata Sai Patnam 3 weeks ago